Jorjani Biomedicine Journal

Background and objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a progressive resistance-training program beside an energy deficit diet on body Composition, insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin levels in overweight adult men.
Methods: Twenty-five overweight men (age =32.1 ± 4.3 years, BMI =28.9 ± 1.3 kg.m^-2) were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: resistance training+ diet (RD, n =15); and diet only (DO, n =12). Both groups undertook a 12-week weight loss program using a moderate isocaloric energy deficit.
Results: After 12 weeks intervention, there was equivalent significant weight loss for both groups (p <0.01). Total and abdominal fat mass, fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR score were decreased in both groups (p <0.01). All previously mentioned variables except fasting insulin levels were more significantly reduced in RD compared to DO group. There was a significant decrease in lean body tissue only in DO (p <0.01) group. We did not find any significant changes in plasma adiponectin concentration of the experimental groups. Reduction in insulin resistance had a significant positive correlation with abdominal and total fat loss (p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with lean mass loss (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Adding a progressive resistance-training program to an energy deficit diet, without any change on magnitude of weight loss could prevent the loss of lean body mass and improve the reduction of total and abdominal fat mass and insulin resistance. Moreover, the change in body composition and insulin resistance was accompanied with no significant change in plasma adiponectin.

Background and objective: The effect of aerobic exercise (AE) on cardiovascular (CVD) related risk factors are still debatable. Therefore this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was performed with unique and specific AE protocol to investigate the effect of eight-week AE only on female subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Material And Method: A controlled RCT was performed on 30 women with type 2 diabetes aged 30 - 50. They were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control by block randomization method. The intervention group received an incremental AE for eight weeks, three sessions per week, max heart rate (55-75%) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 12-13 for 150 minutes per week. Blood samples were taken before and after each intervention for both groups to be evaluated for fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)].
Result: Eight-week AE intervention led to a significant decrease in HbA1c, FBS levels (p = 0.025, p=0.003) in experimental group compared to control however no significant differences was observed in terms of lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and HDL-C) between control and experimental group (p> 0.05). The results of paired t-test showed that FBS, TC and HbA1c levels were significantly reduced within experimental group after intervention compared to pre-test (p = 0.038, p = 0.05, p = 0.002, respectively). There was no significant difference between TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels within experimental group between pre and post-test (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that AE has been effectively reduce FBS, HbA1c and TC in women type 2 diabetes.