Showing 25 results for Exercise
Seyed Ali Hosseini,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nutrition and physical activity are two factors which affecting the control of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly population. Present study aimed to investigate the effects of continued training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) along with Citrus aurantium (Ca) on aerobic power and body composition of elderly rats.
Material And Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly rats with mean age of 14- 18 months were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats including: control, sham, HIIT, CT, HIIT+Ca and CT+Ca groups. During eight weeks, the Ca groups received 300 mg/kg Ca peritoneally and CT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 85%- 100% of VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min as well as HIIT groups ran on treadmill for five sessions per week with intensity of 65% of VO2max and speed of 20-25 m/min.
Results: CT (P=0.04), HIIT+Ca (P=0.04), and CT+Ca (P=0.04) significantly increased aerobic power; HIIT+Ca (P=0.02) and CT+Ca (P=0.03) significantly increased heart weight and HIIT+Ca significantly decreased adipose tissue weight (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Although CT can improve aerobic power in elderly rats, nevertheless it seems that CT and HIIT along with Ca administration can have more favorable effects on the body composition of elderly rats.
Farah Nameni, Fatemeh Jafary Nia, Bahareh Yazdanparast Chaharmahali,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Autophagy is a genetically and evolutionarily conserved the programmed process that destroys long-lived cellular proteins and organelles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of strength training with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on LC3-I and P62 in elderly diabetic rats.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, diabetic, diabetic + strength training, Diabetic + supplement, Diabetic + strength training + supplement). First, the rats became diabetic and had a fatty liver. Strength training program in 10 weeks performed. Alfa-lipoic acid supplement was also injected 3 days a week. At the end of the training period and tissues were removed and the expression of LC3-I and P62 were measured by RT-PCR. For data analysis, a one-way analysis variance test was used for comparison between groups was considered (P<0/05).
Results: The result showed mRNA LC3-1 has increased and this change is more in the diabetic group. (P=0.001) and despite the decrease in P62 gene expression, we did not see a significant difference between the control group and the diabetic in the training group with and without supplementation.However, no significant difference was observed between training methods and supplementation with exercise. Also, resistance training in combination with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation had a significant effect on reducing P62 content between control and experimental groups. (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Alfa-lipoic acid supplement with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect along with exercise can play an important role in improving fatty liver in elderly type 2 diabetic rats.
Behrooz Yahyaei, Shirin Varmazyar,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was conducted aimed to compare effects of Methylphenidate and endurance exercise on histopathological changes in brain tissue of male Wistar rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Material and Methods: In this study, 33 rats were divided into a control group (5 rats) and 4 experimental groups (28 rats) and 10 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-Arginine Methyl Ester) was injected peritoneally for 8 weeks for 6 days a week. Rats that tested positive for open test were used. Balance and motor coordination tests were taken after 8 weeks of training using Beam Walking or Balance Test. The drug group was given 1 mg per kg of Methylphenidate orally. The rats in the exercise group trained 30 minutes a day and 7 days a week for 4 weeks. Open Field Test was used to diagnose hyperactivity. 5-band treadmill was used for doing endurance exercise.
Results: The results of the present study show that the effect of exercise on reducing histopathological changes in brain tissue in neonatal rats with ADHD is present. Therefore, it can be stated that exercise can be an alternative to the drugs such as methylphenidate.
Conclusion: According to the studyresults, the effect of exercise alone to methylphenidate is greater on brain tissue changes. Although the drug has been more effective on improving some variables such as changes in gray matter, it has not reduced neuronal changes, congestion and inflammation not seen in the exercise group. Also, the study results of simultaneous drug use and exercise are satisfactory.
Iman Fathi, Maryam Nourshahi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial biogenesis index of obese rats to various exercise training.
Material and Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6: 1) obese-interval training (HIIT); 2) obese-continuous training (CT); 3) obese control (OB) and 4) control (Cont). During the study period, (from 16 to 24 weeks) rats in groups 1, 2, and 3 were given high-fat foods (from 16 to 24 weeks). After being familiarized, rats in groups 1 and 2 performed HIIT and continuous training three times a week for eight weeks, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test (p≤0.05).
Results: A study of Western blotting showed that the amount of muscle PGC1α in HIIT and CT groups was significantly higher than OB and Cont groups. Also, despite the more reduction in visceral fat and other factors in the CT group, the HIIT groupchr('39')s PGC1α content was higher than the CT group, which was not significant. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in HIIT and CT groups (At 24 weeks) were significantly lower than the OB group (p≤0.05); However, these glycemic indices weren’t significantly different from the control group (P≥0.05). There was a significant difference in TG, TC, LDL, and HDL values between the exercise groups with the OB group. In addition, the increase in visceral fat was 27% in the OB group, while a decrease of 30% and 43% was observed in the HIIT and CT groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of HIIT can be as effective as continuous training on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial function of muscle tissue in obese people.
Seyed Mostafa Rezaei, Bahram Abedi, Hoseyn Fatolahi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: As a high-energy demanding tissue, the heart is exposed to a high level of ROS molecules such as H2O2, leading to cardiovascular disorders through damaging macromolecules such as DNA and disrupting ATP production. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise (Ae) and Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation on DNA damage and ATP synthesis in heart and aorta endothelial tissues in rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Material and Methods: 56 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, including HC (Healthy Control), TC (Toxicated Control), Lu1 (Received 5 mg/kg of Lu), Lu2 (Received 10 mg/kg of Lu), Ae (Received only Aerobic Exercise), Ae Lu1, and Ae Lu2. Then, all groups got poisoned by H2O2 except HC. Next, they received Linum Usitatissimum (Lu) supplementation and Low-Intensity Interval Training (LIIT). Finally, 24h after the last treatment session, the level of 6-methylguanine (6MG) and ATP were measured via the ELISA technique in cardiovascular tissue.
Results: The findings determined that Lu supplementation and Ae significantly diminish the 6-methyl guanine level in endothelial (F=111.3, p=0.0008, ƞ=0.9823) and heart cells (F=147.9, p=0.0005, ƞ=0.9867). Also, the ATP level was increased significantly in endothelial (F=342.6, p=0.0003, ƞ=0.9942) and heart cells (F=135.1, p=0.0013, ƞ=0.9854). However, no considerable changes were found for both factors in groups who received Ae or Lu singularly.
Conclusion: The study showed that concurrent administration of Lu and Ae could exert dynamic cardioprotective properties through their antioxidant effects.
Farah Nameni, Samira Falahi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease is a common cause of dementia and reduces progressive perception, memory, and tasks. This study aimed was to investigate the effects of interval training and octopamine extract on NLRP-1 and NLRP-3 in brain tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease.
Material and Methods: The research method was experimental with a post-test design. A total of 42 male Wistar rats, all of which were eight weeks old, were obtained. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, Alzheimer's sham, Alzheimer's+ interval training, Alzheimer's+ octopamine supplementation, Alzheimer's+ interval training+ octopamine supplementation). Alzheimer's induction was performed with beta-amyloid peptide 1-14. The training protocol was intense periodic. Octopamine was supplemented by intra-peritoneal injection. Morris's blue maze test was used for the spatial memory test. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, anesthetized rats and hippocampus were quickly extracted. A one-way ANOVA test was used to estimate intergroup differences after Alzheimer's induction.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the groups in NLRP-1 and NLRP-3 mRNA. Bonferroni test confirmed significant between the control group and Alzheimer's groups (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: The changes were considered to be synergistic of the beneficial effects of physical activity and octopamine in preventing or reducing the harmful effects of pathological conditions. Exercise and supplementation seem to be effective in the relationship between inflammatory and neurotrophic factors in neurological disorders.
Ali Mohammadnia, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Gholamreza Sharifi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The application of exercise training and herbal supplements is believed to be a typical approach in treating chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. Accordingly, given the healing effects of swimming training and cannabidiol (CBD) oil consumption, the aim of the current study was to reveal if eight weeks of swimming training and CBD oil consumption downregulates the expression of MAPK, PPARα genes in the heart tissue of myocardial infarction rats.
Material and Methods: In the present experimental study, 20 myocardial infarction rats were divided into four groups of five animals, including: 1) control, 2 swimming training, 3) CBD, 4) CBD + swimming training, and 5) healthy control. For eight weeks, groups 3 and 4 consumed 50 mg/kg of CBD daily by gavage, and groups 2 and 4 performed swimming training five days a week. Induction of myocardial ischemia was performed by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (50 mg/kg i.p.), in myocardial infarction rats. Bax and Bcl2 cardiomyocytes were measured by PCR-RT. For data analysis, one-way analysis variance test was used to compare inter-group differences at P<0.05.
Results: Swimming training, CBD consumption and swimming training with CBD consumption had a significant effect on reducing MAPK gene expression in cardiac tissue (P≤0.05). Also, swimming training with CBD consumption had a greater effect than swimming training and CBD consumption alone on reducing PPARα gene expression in cardiac tissue (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: It appears that application of swimming training with CBD oil consumption has more positive impacts on improving MAPK and PPARα gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats with myocardial infarction than using each one alone. Besides, swimming training with CBD oil consumption plays a role in the rehabilitation process and improves key factors involved in cardiovascular health.
Abdolhamid Mosalla Nezhad, Farzaneh Taghian, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi, Seyed Ali Hosseini,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Interactive effects of Aerobic Training (AT) and Royal Jelly (RJ) consumption is still not well understood in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the aim of this study was determine the effect of aerobic training with royal jelly consumption on health related anthropometric markers in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.
Material and Methods: 49 EAE induced by complete Freund’s Adjuvant, model female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 7 groups: (1) EAE, (2) sham (Sh), (3) RJ50 mg/kg, (4) RJ100, (5) AT, (6) AT+RJ50, (7) AT+RJ100. Also, 7 healthy rats were put in the healthy control group (HC). AT was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11-15 m/min for 30 minutes and RJ was IP injection for 50 and 100 mg/kg/day.
Results: In the AT, AT+RJ50, AT+RJ100 and RJ100 groups, weight, visceral fat weight and aerobic power were higher than the EAE group (P≥0.05); in the RJ50 group, weight and in the RJ100 and AT+RJ100 groups, BMI was lower than the EAE group (P≥0.05). AT+RJ100 reduced food intake compared to the EAE group (P≥0.05); also, aerobic power in the AT, AT+RJ50 and AT+RJ100 groups was higher than the RJ50 and RJ100 groups (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Generally AT and RJ alone improved anthropometric markers in EAE model; also interaction of AT and RJ was dependent of dosage of RJ so that the effect of 100 mg/kg dosage was higher than 50 mg/kg.
Ammar Raoufi Sangachin, Ahmad Abdi, Alireza Barari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Aging is the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases as aging increases plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and endothelial dysfunction. Physical exercise and spirulina improve the endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation that accompanies aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Aerobic Exercise (AT), with blue-algae Spirulina Supplementation (SP) on the indicators of endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in overweight adult men.
Material and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 40 overweight adult men (age 57.50±4.84 years, Body mass index: BMI 26.90±2.85 kg/m2) were selected from Bandar-e-Anzali and randomly allocated into five groups; including Control-Normal (CN), Overweight (OW), Overweight-Aerobic Training (OWAT), Overweight-Spirulina (OWSP) and Overweight-Aerobic Training -Spirulina (OWATSP). Training groups participated in an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, five sessions per week (with an intensity of 65 to 85% of peak heart rate, 40 minutes). The OWSP and OWATSP groups were provided with two 500 mg SP tablets daily in the morning and evening. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test and ANCOVA at a significance level of
P <0.05.
Results: The levels of endothelin-1(ET-1), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), Selectin-E, and HOMA-IR index in the OW group were higher than CN (P≤0.05). AT and SP significantly reduced ET-1, ICAM-1, Selectin-E, and HOMA-IR (P≤0.05). In the OWATSP group, the levels of ET-1, ICAM-1, Selectin-E, and HOMA-IR were significantly lower than OW and OWSP (P≤0.05). NO levels significantly decreased in OWATSP and OWAT (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic training and spirulina supplementation could improve the endothelial function in overweight adult men, by altering the levels of ET-1, ICAM-1, Selectin-E, and NO. However, the simultaneous effect of AT with SP on these indices was better. Improved endothelial function was associated with an improvement in insulin resistance index.
Farah Nameni, Fateme Firoozmand,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Research has shown that blood metal levels and physical activity may be key to injury and possibly Alzheimer's treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Folate Nano-liposome on the expression of D1 and D2 receptors in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats.
Methods: Thirty-three male Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were prepared from Pasteur Institute. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (healthy control, Alzheimer's control, Alzheimer+ HIIT, Alzheimer +Folate Nano liposomes, Alzheimer+ HIIT +Folate Nano liposomes).Alzheimer's induction was performed and Folate Nano-liposomes were injected as a supplement .After the last training session, rats were anesthetized and the hippocampus was analyzed.
Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant increase between the groups in D1 mRNA and D2 mRNA (P≤0.000). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a significant increase the control group and the Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's + HIIT and Alzheimer's +folate Nano liposomes. There was a significant increase between Alzheimer's group and Alzheimer's+ HIIT and Alzheimer's+ HIIT+ folate Nano-liposomes (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training and Folate Nano-liposomes have changed the content of D1 and D2 in the brain after Alzheimer's induction. These changes may be due in part to the synergistic effect of physical activity and Nano-pharmaceuticals in preventing or reducing the detrimental effects of pathological conditions.
Omidreza Salehi, Mayam Kheirdeh, Fatemeh Farkhaie, Mehdi Noura, Rasoul Jamali Fashi, Abdolali Rakhshanizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Aging is a natural phenomenon associated with a decrease in physical fitness factors and increases in chronic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of High Interval Intensity Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Continued Training (MICT) with Citrus Aurantium (CA) consumption on pain threshold and motor balance in elderly rats.
Material and Methods: Forty-nine elderly rats were randomly divided into 1) control, 2) MICT, 3) HIIT, 4) MICT+CA, 5) HIIT+CA, 6) CA and 7) sham groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT at a speed of 25-25 m/min, and groups 2 and 4 performed MICT at a speed of 25-20 m/min; also, groups 4-6 received 300 mg/kg/day CA peritoneally. The pain and motor balance tests were evaluated using a hot plate and rotarod devices respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normal distribution of findings and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests was used to analyze of findings (P≤0.05).
Results: CA, MICT, HIIT, MICT+CA, and HIIT+CA significantly increased pain threshold and motor balance (P<0.05); MICT+CA (P<0.05) and HIIT+CA (P<0.05) significantly increased pain threshold compared to CA, MICT, and HIIT, and HIIT+CA significantly increased pain threshold compared to MICT+CA (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although CA, MICT, and HIIT alone can enhance pain threshold and motor balance nevertheless it appears that MICT+CA and HIIT+CA have a better effect on the increase of pain threshold, so the effects of HIIT+CA can be higher than MICT+CA.
Hamzeh Bayani, Habib Asgharpour, Asra Askari, Reza Rezaeeshirazi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Regular exercise along with calorie intake promotes mitochondrial function by promoting healthy mitochondrial regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of four weeksof continuous aerobic training and starvation on the gene expression of pink1 and bnibp3 (liver mitophagy) in Wistar fat rats.
Materials and Methods: The present study used an experimental design. Thirty 18-week-old fatty, maleWistar rats with an average body weight of 348±25.53 purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran were selected as the research sample. After one week of familiarity with the laboratory environment, these fatty animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5, control (n=5) and experimental (n=25), including control, starvation, starvation and 3 days of exercise, starvation and 5 days of exercise, 3 days of exercise, 5 days of exercise groups.
Results: According to the statistical results of one-way analysis of variance, there was a significant decrease in triglyceride, cholesterol, liver enzymes ALT, AST in all groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in pink1 and bnibp3 gene expression in starvation group and starvation groups of 3 and 5 days of training compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Four weeksof continuous aerobic training and starvation combined and alone were able to significantly reduce the status of blood lipids and liver enzymes in fatty model rats. Also, the starvation group and starvation groups along with exercise increased the activity of removing damaged mitochondria by increasing the activity of pink1 and bnibp3 genes compared to the control group.
Zahra Hashemi Shiri, Tahereh Bagherpour, Nemtallah Nemati,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although t Background: Obesity has been recognized as a global problem that is increasing day by day. Although the favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of Aerobic Training (AT) and Curcumin (Cu) consumption on adiponectin gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue and some anthropometric indicators of rats fed with High-Fat Diet (HFD).
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats with HFD (1.5 mg/kg/day high-fat emulsion) were randomly divided into five groups, including: (1) Healthy Control (HC), (2) High-Fat Diet Control (HFD), (3) HFD+Cu, (4) HFD+AT, and (5) HFD+Cu+AT. Aerobic training was carried out for six weeks, five sessions per week and each session of training was performed 10-50 minutes at a speed of 25-30 meters per minute and a slope of 15 degrees. Also, curcumin was fed to rats by gavage in the amount of 1.5 mg/kg/day. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze adiponectin and ANCOVA test with Bonferroni's test was used to analyze BMI. Data were analyzed in Prism GraphPad PRISM 3.8.3 software (P≤0.05).
Results: Adiponectin gene expression levels in the HFD+AT, HFD+Cu and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly higher than the HFD group (P≥0.05). Weight and BMI levels in the HFD+AT and HFD+AT+Cu groups were significantly lower than the HFD (P≥0.05). Also, in the HFD+AT+Cu group, the weight and BMI levels were significantly lower and the adiponectin levels were significantly higher than the HFD+Cu group (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that exercise training and curcumin consumption both individually and synergistically can be effective in improving anthropometric characteristics by affecting adiponectin levels.he favorable effects of training and herbal supplements have been reported in this regard, the synergistic effects of the two are still a challenge for researchers.
Seyed Rafie Shafabakhsh, Yaser Kazemzadeh, Hossein Shirvani, Sanaz Mirzaiyan Shanjani, Saeed Sedaghati,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle is a tissue that secretes myokines from muscle cells in response to training stimuli and muscle contractions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the expression of three genes: apelin, decorin, and musclin in the skeletal muscle fibers of Wistar rats. In addition, the study examined the changes in gene expression levels during the training period.
Methods: The present study enrolled 16 male Wistar rats with an approximate age of eight weeks and a weight range of 200-220 grams. They were randomly divided into two equal groups: An aerobic exercise group (n=8) and a control group (n=8). During the four-week training period, the experimental group performed aerobic exercises on a treadmill with an intensity of 50-70% of their maximum power, for three sessions per week, while the control group did not engage in any activity. After completing the training period, the rats were sacrificed 48 hours later to evaluate the gene expression of the study variables using the real-time PCR method for tissue analysis. An independent t-test was used to examine the difference between groups, and statistical significance was set at P <0.05.
Results: The independent t-test results indicated that the gene expression levels of all three variables: Musclin, decorin, and apelin, were significantly higher in the aerobic exercise group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that aerobic exercise can potentially to increase the gene expression of three specific myokines: apelin, decorin, and musclin in skeletal muscles. These myokines are known to play an essential role in energy homeostasis, and their increased expression levels could have potential health benefits for individuals engaged in aerobic exercise.
Fatemeh Mirzaei Ashrafi, Seyed Mohsen Avandi, Ali Khaleghian,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Fatemeh Mirzaei Ashrafi 
, Seyed Mohsen Avandi , Ali Khaleghian
Background: Obesity has become a significant health concern in recent decades, characterized by increased body fat. This study aimed to compare the effects of circuit and traditional resistance training on serum calprotectin levels in obese men.
Methods: A pre-test-post-test design was used with thirty-three sedentary young obese men (age 21.33±2.49 years, weight 92.23±14.39 kg and BMI 30.71±4.63 kg/m²) who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group underwent a 12-week periodized resistance training program consisting of three sessions per week, gradually increasing in intensity from 50% to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a wave pattern. Resting serum calprotectin levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired sample t-tests, with statistical significance at p < 0.05.
Results: Both periodized circuit and traditional resistance training resulted in increased plasma levels of calprotectin compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Additionally, the periodized circuit resistance training group demonstrated a greater increase in plasma levels of calprotectin than the traditional resistance training and control groups (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that twelve-week periodized circuit and traditional resistance training programs can effectively increase calprotectin levels in obese men.
Roghayeh Koroni, Abdossaleh Zar, Mohammad Mehdi Khaleghi ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with a partial or absolute deficiency of insulin, hyperlipidemia, and impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
The present study aimed to compare the effects of different types of exercises on lipid profiles in menopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Fifty-six sedentary obese menopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise, and a control group. Each group, except the control group, participated in their respective exercises for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and 48 hours after the training period. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired sample t tests, with a significance level set at P≤0.05. All calculations were performed using SPSS v. 20.
Results: Triglyceride levels significantly decreased in the aerobic exercise (P = 0.017) and combined exercise (P = 0.0001) groups. Low-density lipoprotein levels significantly decreased in aerobic exercise (P = 0.034), resistance exercise (P = 0.003), and combined exercise groups (P = 0.009). Cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the aerobic exercise (P = 0.0001), resistance exercise (P = 0.030), and combined exercise (P = 0.01) groups. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein levels significantly increased in the aerobic exercise (P = 0.041) and combined exercise (P = 0.002) groups.
Conclusion: It appears that combined exercises, rather than resistance or endurance exercises alone, are a more appropriate intervention for improving lipid profiles in menopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Vahid Fallahzadeh, Farzaneh Taghian, Khosro Jalali Dehkordi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise and ginger after myocardial infarction (MI) modify calcium handling. Ginger has cardioprotective effects on cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the effects of aerobic exercise combined with ginger extract (GE) loaded into chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on miRNA-214, Serca2a, and Anp genes and cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction (MI) rat models.
Methods: Twenty-five male rats divided into 5 groups were subjected to ginger treatment and exercise. Aerobic exercises (AE) were performed on a rodent treadmill 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The GE-CNPs (500 mg/kg) were orally administered to the rats for 6 weeks. The expressions of miRNA-214, Serca2a, and Anp genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The histopathological assessments were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The serum activities of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured by ELISA.
Results: The MI model and CNP groups had the highest rate of collagen deposition (P <0.05). The serum activities of both CK-MB and LDH were significantly elevated in the Isop group compared to the control (P<0.05), while following aerobic exercise and ginger treatment, their activity was significantly dropped in the Isop + AE + GE-CNPs group. The expression of miRNA-214 showed a significant increase in GE-CNPs (P <0.01) and GE-CNPs + AE (P <0.001) groups. Serca2a and Anp genes showed significant changes in the GE-CNPs + AE group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that aerobic exercise, along with ginger treatment, improved cardiac fibrosis, modulating the expression levels of miRNA-214, Serca2a, and Anp genes and serum levels of MI biomarkers.
Mojdeh Khajehlandi, Ali Eyvazi Nasirlu , Hamed Kheirollahi Meidani, Farnaz Seifi-Skishahr , Roghayyeh Fekri, Rasoul Ershadifard,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Insufficiency of omentin-1 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels is associated with obesity, which is known as a threat to health. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercise on the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, omentin-1, and lipid profile in overweight women.
Methods: In the present clinical study, 26 young overweight women were divided (block randomization method) into the Pilates exercise (PT, n= 13) and control group (CG, n= 13). The PT group performed Pilates exercises for eight weeks (three 60-min sessions per week). The movements started from simple and then increased in intensity and complexity based on the Borg index. The CG group had no training session for eight weeks. Blood samples were taken before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis of covariance was used for between-group comparisons.
Results: Findings showed a significant increase in the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p=0.008, SD= 4.78±0.12 ng/ml, effect size= 0.243) and HDL-C (p=0.04, SD= 6.44±1.05 mg/dl, effect size= 0.168), but a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (p=0.001, SD= 1.54±0.09, effect size=0.199), cholesterol (p=0.001, SD= 16.72±3.24 mg/dl, effect size= 0.326), and triglyceride (p=0.001, SD= 2.46±0.07 mg/dl, effect size= 0.209), and no significant change in omentin-1 (p=0.65, SD= 3.01±0.08 ng/ml) and LDL-C (p=0.58, SD= 2.46±0.07 mg/dl) serum levels in the PT group compared to the CG group.
Conclusion: It seems that this type of exercise training may play a critical role in controlling the health parameters and physiological status of the overweight women by having positive effects on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile, which are affected by body composition, weight, and fat.
Mojdeh Khajehlandi, Lotfali Bolboli,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial function is an integral part of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and is a hallmark feature of cardiovascular disease. It may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), combined with quercetin supplementation (eight weeks), on mitochondrial gene expression in the diabetic heart.
Methods: In this study, 35 adult male rats were equally divided into seven groups (n=5): healthy sedentary, diabetic sedentary, diabetic quercetin sedentary, diabetic HIIT (DHIIT), diabetic MICT (DMICT), DHIIT with quercetin, and DMICT with quercetin. The rats were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks and subsequently treated with a single low dose of streptozotocin to create a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eight weeks (five times a week) of HIIT and MICT, with and without quercetin, were conducted for the training groups, and quercetin was injected over eight weeks at a dose of 15 mg/kg.
Results: Eight weeks of quercetin supplementation, HIIT, and MICT, with and without quercetin, significantly decreased blood glucose levels (P=0.001). Eight weeks of HIIT and MICT training increased nuclear respiratory factor-2 (NRF2) (P=0.001) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) (P=0.001) expression and decreased perilipin 2 (PLIN2) gene expression (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The training groups alone improved the gene expression of NRF2, ATGL, and PLIN2. Both training protocols, combined with quercetin, controlled blood glucose levels and improved antioxidant capacity. Thus, the reduction in blood glucose through quercetin supplementation appears to be a promising approach for managing T2DM.
Soraya Pourasghari Siah Astalkhi , Seyed Morteza Tayebi, Lida Moradi, Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Obesity leads to neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidant supplements have been reported separately, their interactive effect on neuronal apoptosis in obesity is still not well known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT with Sp supplementation on apoptotic markers in the hippocampal tissue of high-fat diet-(HFD) induced obese rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 obese male Sprague-Dawley rats (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) were randomly divided into four groups of six rats, including 1) HFD, 2) HFD+Sp, 3) HFD+HIIT, and 4) HFD+HIIT+Sp. Also, six healthy rats were selected as the HC group to investigate the effects of HFD on research variables. Subsequently, HIIT was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 80-110% of maximum running speed and 2-8 high-intensity intervals. Also, Sp supplement was taken orally during this period with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Bax and BCL-2 levels were measured with qRT-PCR method. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis of data (p ≤0.05).
Results: In the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL-2 ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than the HFD group (p=0.001). In the HFD+Sp group, BCL-2 levels were higher and Bax/BCL-2 ratios were lower than HFD group (p=0.008). Also, in the HFD+HIIT and HFD+HIIT+Sp groups, Bax levels and Bax/BCL ratio were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than HFD+Sp group (p≤0.05). In addition, in the HFD+HIIT+Sp group, Bax levels were lower and BCL-2 levels were higher than in the HFD+HIIT group (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT and Sp supplement separately have an anti-apoptotic effect, their interactive effect on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue in obesity conditions is more obvious than the effect of each one alone.
