Bazzazi, H., Govahi, M., Jahazi, A., Alizadeh, Sh., Naeimi Tabiee, E, Mokaram, R., Davarpanah, M R,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Autumn- Winter [PERSIAN] 2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is one of the most common reproductive disorders, generally considered to be the loss of three or more pregnancies before viability. One of the causes of this disorder is the immunological factors such as autoantibodies associated with anti-phospholipid syndrome.
Material and Methods: this case-control study was conducted on 80 pregnant women divided into two equal groups of healthy and RM women in Gorgan. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire and examined by a gynecologist to distinguish their condition, healthy or RM. The blood samples were kept at -20c and assessed by both ELISA 96 and automated ELISA processor with single dose ready-to-use test to measure β2GP1 autoantibodies of IgM and IgG.
Results: the results indicate that % 7.5 of RM patients are seropositive for Anti-β2GP1 IgG, and % 5 for Anti-β2GP1 IgM , but in healthy pregnants , % 7.5 are seropositive for Anti-β2GP IgG , and %7.5 for Anti-β2GP1 IgM. Family history of abortion in RM group (33.5%) is significantly higher than healthy one (17.5%).
Conclusion: based on the results, the difference between the level of Anti-β2GP1 IgM and Anti-β2GP IgG in case and control groups is not significant, but the production of this autoantibody is associated with pregnancy.
Key words: Autoantibody, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Recurrent Miscarriage
H Naziri, A Tabarraei, A Ghaemi, Ma Davarpanah, N Javid, A Moradi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Autumn 2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Resistance to antiretroviral agents is a significant concern in clinical management of HIV-infected individuals. Resistance is the result of mutations that develops in the viral protein targeted by antiretroviral agents.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the blood samples of 40 HIV-positive patients were collected. Twenty of them were drug-naïve and the rest were under treatment for at least one year by antiretroviral agents. Virus genome was extracted from patient's plasma with high-pure-viral-nucleic-acid kit. Then, by means of reverse-transcriptase and specific primers of protease genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of genes, drug- antiretroviral- resistant mutations and subtypes were determined using Stanford University’s HIV-drug-resistance databases.
Results: Drug-naive patients show 15% resistance to nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and 20% resistance to non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Anti-protease resistance is not observed in any patients. In under treatment patients, drug resistance to NNRTI (25%) is more than drug resistance to NRTI (20%) and the rate of drug resistance to protease inhibitor is 5%.
Conclusion: Our findings show a high prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in Iranian-drug-naïve-HIV-infected patients. But in under treatment individuals, the rate of drug resistance is less than previous studies.
Keywords: HIV Nucleoside Inhibitor Non-Nucleoside Inhibitor Protease Inhibitor
