Abstract

Background and Objective: Acinetobacter species are opportunistic important pathogens responsible for many nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the drug resistan pattern Acinetobacter baumannii and prevalence of ESBL producing strains in Intensive Care Unit patients in Isfahan city hospitals.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples.  The Isolates were identified by standard methods and confirmed by PCR method. Drug resistance pattern of isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method according to CLSI. To identify ESBL producing strains, a Combined Disk phenotypic method was used.

Results: Hundred percent of Acinetobacter baumannii strains was MDR and the maximum antibiotics resistance was shown to cefepime, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and ceftazidime. According to initial screening, 4.5% of strains were producing Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase enzyme.

Conclusion: The percent of ESBLs producing strains is low. Thus, Combined Disk for initial screening of ESBLs strains and multiplex PCR for rapid detection of ESBLs strains are recommended.   This issue can be a new step in preventing from the spread of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains in hospitals particularly in intensive care unit.

Keywords: Beta-Lactamases; Acinetobacter Baumannii; Drug Resistance

ABSTRACT
             Background and objectives: Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer in the world. Considering the adverse effects of anticancer drugs and the emergence of chemotherapy resistance, plant-derived extracts and their constituents could be a valuable source of novel anticancer drugs. In this study, we investigated cytotoxic effects of Juniperus excelsa leaf extract on esophageal cancer cell line KYSE-30 and healthy fibroblast cells (HU02 cells).
             Methods: KYSE-30 cells and HU02 cells were cultured in DMEM medium. The cells were treated with different concentrations (1, 10, 100, 500 μg/ml) of the J. excelsa leaf extract for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxic effects of the extract were assessed using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 19) and GraphPad Prism 5.
             Results: According to results of the MTT assay, the Juniperus excelsa’s leaf extract exerted significant cytotoxic effects on esophagus cancer cell line (KYSE-30) and healthy fibroblast cells (HU02) in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).
             Conclusion: The J. excelsa leaf extract has cytotoxic effects against KYSE-30 esophageal cancer cells while causing lesser toxicity on healthy fibroblast cells. Our findings suggest that the potential anticancer effects of this extract should be further exploited in future studies.
             Keywords: Cytotoxic, MTT, Hu02, Kyse-30, Juniperus excelsa.