Showing 44 results for Shah
Ar Mansourian, F Shahmohammdi, Hr Mansourian,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Autumn – Winter 2009[PERSIAN] 2008)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives: The hyperthyroidism, caused in Pregnancy, may Leads to nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxin. (T4), which reflect thyroid function assessment, with nausea and vomiting, among pregnant women in early pregnancy. Material and Methods: the Subjects of this Case- Control Study were the pregnant women referred to routine laboratory investigations. We Compared 60 pregnant women without nausea and Vomiting with 60 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting in Gorgan, Iran. Results: The results Show that there is an increased level of T4 among 34 subjects (56.6 %) with nausea and vomiting compared to 20 Subjects (33.3 %) of women without nausea and vomiting. The mean of T4 in Case and Control group is 11:30±2.8 and 10.26±2.4hg/dl. This difference is Statistically Significant. (p<0.05). TSH level is nearly the same in both groups. Conclusion: These data suggest that there is a role for elevated T4 in nausea and vomiting among pregnant women, in early pregnancy. Key words: Pregnant women, nausea and vomiting, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxin.
Z Shahandeh, F Sedighian, Mt Salehi Omran, F Saberian,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Spring - Summer 2009[PERSIAN] 2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Coronary Artery Disease is one of the most important causes of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is a complex disorder and many factors cause it . In recent years , a relationship between infectious agents, particularly Chlamydia pneumonia, and atherosclerosis was found. This research was aimed at serological studying of Chlamydia pneumonia in the coronary artery patients and healthy ones. Material and Methods: We carried out this cross-Sectional study on 102 patients with CAD and 142 individuals without any history of CAD. The subjects were admitted to Dr. Beheshty hospital, Babol, from July 2005 to September 2006. The subjects’ serums were collected to detect specific anti Chlamydia pneumonia antibodies (IgA and IgG), using ELISA method. Data were analyzed by chi-square, using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients and healthy subjects were 60.6 and 43.7 years, respectively. Fifty-nine point eight percent of cases and 40.8% of healthy subjects are men. The results show that 45.1% of patients and 47.9% of healthy subjects have positive titer of IgG and negative titer of IgA (chronic). There is no significant correlation between patient and healthy groups (P=O.698). Also 88.2% of patients and 81% of healthy group have positive titer of anti Chlamydia pneumonia antibody (IgG). Conclusion: In spite of high titer of IgG, there is no significant relationship between Chlamydia pneumonia and atherosclerosis. It seems that further experiments are necessary to prove the relationship between Chlamydia and atherosclerosis. Key words: Atherosclerosis, Chlamydia pneumonia, IgA, IgG
Shahande Z, Sadighian F, Shafi H, Ebrahimnejad A,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (spring-summer[PERSIAN] 2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Infection stones are the directly due to persistent or recurrent infection with Urease producing bacteria. they may be exacerbated by urinary obstruction or stasis. Also, some drug components like ciprofloxacin can be the cause of stone formation. We aimed at studing antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated form kidney stones and Urinary tract infection(UtI). Material and Methods: This descriptive study, during 2008-2010,we obtained kidney stones and urine of 45 patients under gone nephrolithotomy in shahid Beheshti hospital of Babol, Iran. The stones were transferred to microbiology Lab in a strile Condition, after grinding, cultured on Blood Agar and Eosin-Methylene Blue(EMB) media. In Addilion, urin Samples were cultured on the for mentioned media. The Positive cultures were qualitatively evaluated and then, antibiogram was done by using Kirby Bauer method. Results: The resulte show that 10 kidney stone specimens and 8 urine samples were infected by bacteria, mostly by E.coli. In one stone sample and two urine samples, we can isolate more than one bacteria. The bacteria isolated in the stone and urine samples of six patients was the same. We could find two cases of staphylococcus inurine and one in stone culture. The bacteria isolated from stone are resistance to oflaxacin(80%) , which is higher than that to the other antibiotics. Conclusion: Based on the results, there is no relationship between the kind of kidney stone and type of bacteria. Further study needs to be done to prove this relation. Key words: Kidney stone, Antibiogram, E.coli, Infected stone.
Emam, S J., Asgari, M., Hosseini, S A., Shahbazian, H., Veisi, E., Vali, M., Latifi, S M., Malihi, R.,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Autumn- Winter [PERSIAN] 2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease resulting in disability and premature death. The Etiology of diabetes mellitus is complex, but factors such as genetic, immunological and environmental are involved .The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and blood type.
Material and Methods: In this cross - sectional study blood group of 500 patients with diabetes type 2 was determined and compared with the distribution of blood groups in 11,461 healthy people in Ahwaz. Statistical analysis was performed by independent T test, using SPSS Software (version 17)
Results: the Patients’ age is between 35 and 80 years. Their Blood groups are A (106 20.3 %) B (144 27.5%) AB (97 18.5%) and O (176 32.7%). One hundred seventy-nine (34.2%) cases are Rh+ and the rest (344 65.8 %) Rh- .
Conclusion: Regarding to the distribution of blood group AB and Rh- ,which respectively are 7.3% and 8.4%, the chance of developing diabetes in theses people is higher than that in other people (P<0.05). Hence, they should follow a healthy lifestyle from early years of life to reduce the risk of diabetes.
Key words: Diabetes type 2, blood group, risk factors
B Rahimi-Esboei, M Fakhar, A Ghorbani, M Pour Haji Baqer, As Paqeh, P Shahnasi, M Rezaei,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (summer[PERSIAN] 2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cercarial dermatitis (CD) or swimmer’s itch is a severe inflammatory reaction caused by penetration of the skin by avian and herbivorous schistosomes, esp genus Trichobilharzia. Since both intermediate and final host of this parasite exist in North of Iran, we aimed at determining the prevalence of cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers in Central areas of Mazandaran Province.
Material and Methods: To perform this descriptive-cross sectional study, we refer to bird refuges of migrating water and Paddy-field around man-made ponds of Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr and Savadkoh districts. The Hand and foot of the farmers were examined clinically for detection of infected people and their signs and symptoms were recorded on a sheet of paper.
Results: Based on the results, 77.5 % of the workers suffer from CD. All of them are males and the majority of them are indigenous.
Conclusion: High prevalence of Cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers led to a health dilemma. Thus, by increasing awareness of farmers, implementing suitable approaches, controlling the disease and sanitizing the contaminated areas can promote health situation.
Key Words: Trichobilharzia Avian Schistosomiasis Cercaria Dermatitis Paddy-Field Workers Itch
L Dolatshah, R Ghanbarpour, F Momeni, H Alizade,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (spring[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: This study was aimed to determine the extent of bacterial contamination and drug resistance patterns of isolates colonized in colonoscope and endoscope and in relevant personnel.
Material and Methods: A total of 107 samples were obtained from staff of endoscopy and colonoscopy units (SEU and SCU) and gastroenterological imaging equipment. For isolation and identification of the bacteria, swab culture method and biochemical identification test were used, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance profiles, multi-drug resistance (MDR) patterns and phenetic relatedness of these isolates were also analyzed according to standard methods.
Results: Most frequent pathogenic bacteria among the SEU and gastroenterological imaging related equipments were included S. aureus (20.8 % and 0 %) Enterococcus spp. (0 % and 5.4%) Pseudomonas spp. (0% and 13.5 %), and Clostridium difficile (0% and 12.5%). Analysis of resistance phenotypes showed a high frequency of MDR phenotypes among the SEU (82.1%), and also in endoscopes, colonoscopes, and other equipments (20%, 50% and 100%, respectively). Phylotyping of S. epidermidis isolates showed the role of staff in transmission of resistance strains to medical equipments and also circulation of strains with identical resistance phenotype among the studied samples.
Conclusion: High frequency of pathogenic bacteria in colonoscopes, endoscopes and in the staff of endoscopy & colonoscopy units, and also contamination of these instruments with MDR pathogens emphasize the need for proper disinfection of endoscopes and colonoscopes and also instruction of staff in these units.
Key words: Bacterial Contamination Endoscope Colonoscope Antimicrobial Resistance Gastrointestinal Disease.
Z Vaise Malekshahi, Mh Shirazi, S Heidarzadeh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (spring[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are recognized as the main pathogens of urogenital tract. Mycoplasma genitalium can cause several reproductive tract inflammatory syndromes in women.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 women with the history of abortion. The samples were obtained from cervical secretions and remaining products of curettage to diagnose Genital Mycoplasma. All samples were inoculated into PPLO Broth medium and incubated at 37ºC for 3 days.
Results: Of 21 Mycoplasma isolates, Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from both cervical secretions and remaining products of curettage (4.26%) Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from products of curettage (12.8%), cervical secretions (8.5%) and from both samples (6.38%).
Conclusion: Based on the results, a high percentage of women with the history of abortion were infected with these bacteria. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of these pathogenic organisms are necessary.
Key words: Mycoplasma Hominis Ureaplasma Urealyticum Abortion
F Momeni, R Ghanbarpour, L Dolatshah, H Alizade,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (summer 2014[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: CTX-M type extended spectrum beta-lactamases is a rapidly expanding group of enzymes encountered with increasing frequency, especially, in Escherichia coli (E. coli). There are a few reports on phylogenetic background of E. coli isolates from clinical sources of under five-year- old children in Iran. The purpose of this study was phylotyping of E. coli isolates having blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-15 genes from under five-year- old children with diarrhea and urinary tract infection (UTI).
Material and Methods: A total of 121 E. coli isolates (75 diarrheas and 46 UTI) were obtained and identified as E. coli based on standard bacteriological tests. DNA was extracted from E. coli isolates by alkaline lysis method. PCR assay was used because of high frequency of blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-15 genes in the isolates and also determination of phylogenetic group/subgroups by detection of yjaA and chuA genes and fragment TspE4.C2.
Results: The isolates belonged to four phylogenetic groups A (48.77%), B1 (14.04%), B2 (11.57%), and D (25.62%). In the diarrheic isolates,17.37% were positive for blaCTX-M and 14.04% of isolates possessed both blaCTX-M and blaCTX-15genes.Out of 46 UTI isolates, 21.73% were positive for blaCTX-M and 15.21% for blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-15 genes.
Conclusion: A rather high prevalence of E. coli isolates with blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-15 genes was observed in fewer than five-year- old children in Khoramabad city. Phylotyping of isolates possessing blaCTX-M and blaCTX-15genes showed that most of them belonge to A and D phylo-groups.
Keywords: Escherichia Coli, Phylogenetic Group, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase
Sh Hezarkhani, F Nik Nejad, N Shahini,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (Autumn[PERSIAN] 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Onychomycosis is a fungal nail infection causing ulcers, diabetic foot and enhance nail infection. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of onychomycosis in type II diabetes.
Material and methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 diabetic patients selected randomly among those referred to Panje Azar endocrinology clinic. They were examined for peripheral vascular disease, Skin lesions, diabetic foot and Peripheral neuropathy. The Laboratory tests such as FBS, HbA1c, Direct smear and fungal culture were used.
Results: The patients with onychomycosis were 19 (6.3%) their mean age was 53.65±1.04 the youngest was 28 and the oldest 84. The male to female infection ratio was of 1.08 that was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in regards to ethnicity, age, BMI, FBS, HbA1C. The location of the infection was 16 on feet (29.6%), and three on both hands and feet (P = 0.000)
Conclusion: The prevalence of fungal infection was less frequent than that of other studies. Given that there was no significant relationship between different demographic data and its prevalence, further studies with larger sample size are needed.
Keywords: Prevalence, Fungal Infections, Diabetes
Jahani, S, Shahreki Zahedani, Sh, Karbasizade, V,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (supplement Issue[PERSIAN] 2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: In the past, most strains of E. coli were susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobial agents, but this situation is now changed by indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime are the most current antibiotics used for Enterobacteriaceae infections in hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients. Material and Methods: During a 12-month period, 200 clinical samples taken from patients referred to Zahedan hospitals were assessed to isolate Escherichia coli. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method and micro-broth dilution and Bla TEM resistance genes were detected by PCR. Results: Following phenotype verification testing, 112 isolates (56%) were produced Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBLs) and 130 isolates were potential producers of beta-lactamase (ESBL). Using PCR, 72 isolates (38.55%) have TEM gene. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime is high therefore, it seems reasonable to do antibiogram before treatment. Keywords: Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase, Esherchia coli, Disc Diffusin, Micro-Broth Dilution
Shahraki, Sh, Bokaeian, M, Rigi, Sh,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (supplement Issue[PERSIAN] 2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing a variety of infections including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemia, wound infections and infections in the intensive care units. Since the ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are increasingly causing urinary tract infections, we aim to assess antibiotic resistance pattern and evaluate the prevalence of ESBL in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections. Material and Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains collected from Zahedan hospitals. After final identification of isolates, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by using disk diffusion in agar method for 16 antibiotics and ESBL production was determined by the combined disk method. Results: The Klebsiella pneumoniae strains showed susceptibility to imipenem and amikacin ( 94.3%) ,chloramphenicol (88.5%) , gentamicin (81.1%) , ciprofloxacin (80.3%) , cefepime (73%) ,streptomycin (72.1%), nalidixic acid (68%) , tetracycline (65.6%), and cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime (62.3%) . The resistance of strains was seen to nitrofurantoin (53.3%), cotrimoxazole (39.3%), Cefpodoxime (37.7%), cefotaxime (36.9%), ceftriaxone (36.1%), aztreonam (34.4%), ceftazidime (32.8%). Thirty-eight isolates (31.1%) were shown to produce ESBLs. Conclusion: A high rate of resistance was observed to most of the antibiotics among ESBL producing strains therefore, it is important to be careful about the use of antibiotics and identification of ESBL using phenotypic methods. Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases,KlebsiellaPneumoniae, Urinary Tract Infection, Isolate
Keikha, N, Ayatollahi Mousavi, Sa, Nakhaei, Ar, Amanloo, S, Shahidi, Gh, Amiri, S,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (March, April[PERSIAN] 2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Dermatophytes are the fungi that have the ability to attack the keratinized tissues such as the skin, hair and nails. Infections caused by these organisms are named dermatophytosis. We aimed to compare Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Crude extracts of Active Actinomycete Isolates with Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole and Fluconazole Drugs against Microsporum Canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Material and Methods: In this experimental study, in order to find MIC by actionmycete, 100 isolates were studied and then crude extracts of the active actinomycete isolates were prepared in sterile conditions. Finally, the crude extracts obtained at different concentrations were used to obtain the MIC of Microsporum Canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Moreover, various concentrations of the drugs such as terbinafine, griseofulvin, ketoconazole and fluconazole in solvent Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were prepared and their growth inhibitory effect was evaluated and then compared with the results obtained from the crude extract of active actinomycete isolates.
Results: the crude extracts obtained from active Actioiomycetes isolates and the drugs such as terbinafine, griseofulvin, ketoconazole and fluconazole, in a dose-dependent manner, could inhibit the growth of Microsporum Canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.
Conclusion: compared to MIC of Crude extract of active actinomycete isolates, Terbinafine has a significant effect on the growth inhibition in all of the fungal Dermatophytes and then griseofulvin, ketoconazole and fluconazole are in the next rank, respectively.
Keywords: Actinomycetes Crude Extract, Microsporum Canis, Microsporum Gypseum, Terbinafine
Mohammad Taghvaie, N, Jalali, Mt, Ghasemi Falavarjani, M, Shahbazian, Bb, Saki, A,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (may,jun 2015[PERSIAN] 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: According to recent changes in diagnostic criteria for diabetes, the harmonization of results obtained from various methods and systems by considering their accuracy and precision is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, precision and consensus of some routine laboratory glucose kits in comparison with Hexokinase reference method.
Material and Methods: The participants were 38 diabetic patients with fasting blood sugar (FBS) ≥126 mg/dl, nine prediabetic patients with FBS of 100-125 mg/dl, 15 non-diabetic people with FBS of 60-100 mg/dl and 9 hypoglycemic patients with FBS of ≤60 mg/dl. Their FBS were measured by four routine laboratory glucose kits: Glucose oxidase on BT3000 analyzer with an open system and Hexokinase reference method on a close system (COBAS INTEGRA®400plus analyzer, Roche kit). Accuracy and precision were determined and compared with reference method.
Results: Glucose oxidase methods showed a good agreement with the reference method, in Correlation Coefficient>0.99. based on regression analysis, the slope of 1.114 for Pars Azmoon, 1.105 for Bionik, 1.121 for Elitech and 1.087 for Human were reported (P<0.05). Error of the mean for ParsAzmoon was 12.79, for Bionik 10.86, for Elitech 12.58 and for Human were 8.46. Coefficient of Variation showed more imprecision for Bionik and Human kits.
Conclusion: given the same almost standard errors, standard devisions and regression analysis, the precision in four methods is the same but in comparison with Hexokinase, reference method has not the accuracy.
Keywords: Blood Glucose, Glucose Oxidase, Hexokinase, Methods, Consensus
Parisa Bakhshi , Massoud Saidijam, Delavar Shahbazzadeh, Nazanin Mohajerani, Hassan Mirzahoseini,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (Nov,Dec-2015 2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Hirudin is an anticoagulant polypeptide secreted from the salivary glands of leeches. Recombinant hirudin is a strong anticoagulant agent in arterial and venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inserting protein A signal peptide sequence of pEZZ18 plasmid on expression and secretion of the recombinant hirudin in E.coli.
Methods: the synthetic hirudin gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers. First, the gene was purified and cloned into PTG19-T cloning vector, and then it was subcloned into pEZZ18 expression vector by SalI / SacI enzymatic digestion and finally transformed into E.coli JM107. After the expression of recombinant hirudin protein, different cellular fractions were isolated and analyzed on SDS-PAGE and further confirmed by Western blotting.
Results: PCR product (522 bp) was first subcloned into the T-Vector (replicating vector) and then successfully subcloned into the pEZZ18 (expression vector). Cloning and subclonig were confirmed by enzymatic digestion and Colony PCR. After the expression and isolation of fractions, the presence of hirudin (about 29 kDa) in different cell fractions due to the effects of signal peptide was observed in SDS-PAGE and finally confirmed by Western blotting.
Conclusion: The gene of anticoagulant hirudin protein (desirudin) was cloned into the pEZZ18 vector containing Protein A signal peptide sequence and later transformed into E.coli JM107. The recombinant hirudin protein expression in the extracellular space was approved.
Keywords: Hirudin; Desirudin; Protein Sorting Signals.
Leila Goudarzi, Rouha Kasra Kermanshahi, Zahra Moosavi-Nejad,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Mar,Apr2016 2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Lactic acid bacteria are Gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonsporulating, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that have beneficial effects on their hosts by producing antimicrobial substances such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins and biosurfactants. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria and can inhibit the growth of other bacteria.
Methods: In this experimental study, bacteriocin production by Lactobacilli as known probiotic strains was evaluated in different physicochemical conditions. Antagonistic activity was evaluated using quantitative method of Microscale Optical Density Assay (MODA). After neutralization of acid and treatment with various enzymes, temperature, pH and NaCl conditions, the antimicrobial activity of culture supernatant fluid of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum was investigated against pathogenic Proteus.
Results: The culture supernatant fluid of Lactobacilli was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes with relatively good stability to temperature. The antimicrobial activity was also present due to production of bacteriocin under different NaCl conditions (1 to 4% NaCl) and pH range of 5 to 8.
Conclusion: It seems that the antimicrobial liquid of Lactobacillus strains contains bacteriocin, which shows antimicrobial effects against pathogenic strains of Proteus. To investigate further this effect, some complementary studies should be performed.
Mohammad Taha Jalali, Hajie Bibi Shahbazian , Mohammad Reza Afsharmanesh , Rohollah Mousavi Dehmordi , Azadeh Saki ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Mar,Apr2016 2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: The current challenge of diabetes mellitus is to prevent its complications. These complications are directly associated with hyperglycemia in diabetics. The HbA1c measurement is essential for long-term glycemic control. Synchronization of HbA1c measurement is important in order to avoid discrepancies between results reported by laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, precision and agreement of five HbA1c measurement methods with HPLC reference method.
Methods: HbA1c levels of 55 samples were measured using six methods of microcapillary electrophoresis (Sepia), enzymatic method (Pishtaz Teb), immunoturbidometry (Pars Azmoon), boronate affinity (Nycocard), immunofluorescence (ichroma) and Tosoh G8 HPLC.
Results: The five tested methods showed a good agreement with the HPLC method with correlation coefficient of less than 95%. Regression testing of HPLC method and other methods showed slope of 0.99 (P<0.05) for Sebia, 1.02 (P<0.05) for Pishtaz Teb, 0.79 (P<0.05) for Pars Azmoon, 0.82 (P<0.05) for Nycocard and 0.89 (P<0.05) for ichroma. Average inaccuracy for the Sebia, Pishtaz Teb, Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma in comparison with the HPLC reference method were -0.09, -0.004, -0.75, -0.79 and -0.78, respectively.
Conclusion: The Sebia microcapillary method and Pishtaz teb enzymatic method have appropriate accuracy and precision. Therefore, these methods can be used as alternatives to the HPLC method for HbA1c measurement. Other methods such as Pars Azmoon, Nycocard and ichroma have significant shortcomings in terms of accuracy.
Vahide Vahideh Assadollahi , Masoume Jalalvand, Shahrokh Bagheri, Hamed Esmaiel Lashkarian ,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec-2016 2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Multipotent placental amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into specialized tissues under different conditions. The aim of this study was to induce differentiation of placental amniotic membrane MSCs from NMRI mouse into hepatocytes using liver extract.
Methods: Placental amniotic membrane MSCs from a 14-day pregnant female mouse was used in this study. The cells were incubated with trypsin solution, followed by pipetting. The resulting suspension was cultured in 12-well plates. After confirming their mesenchymal nature, differentiation of the aforementioned cells was induced via exposure to 6, 18, 30 and 60 μg/ml of liver extract. On the 16th day of treatment, immunocytochemical reaction for albumin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) test were performed for detection of hepatocyte-like cells.
Results: Change was observed in the shape of differentiating cells from spindle-like shape to polygonal shape. The immunocytochemical reaction of the differentiated cells was positive. PAS staining also confirmed the accumulation of glycogen particles in the aforementioned cells. Concentration of 6 μg/ml liver extract was found as the effective dose for induction of differentiation.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the placental amniotic membrane-derived MSCs of mouse can differentiate in vitro from spindle-like cells to polygonal hepatocyte-like cells with large nuclei and under the influence of the liver.
Keywords: Placental Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hepatocyte, In Vitro.
Hossein Hashemzadeh Farhang , Parisa Shahbazi ,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec-2016 2016)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian protozoan that causes diarrhea in immunocompromised humans and newborn animals. The severity of the disease depends on the immunological status of the affected. Cryptosporiosis can have lethal effects on immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. About 10% of AIDS patients die following an infection with C. parvum. Since there is no efficient treatment for cryptosporidiosis, there is an urgent need to search for more effective and safer alternatives. IgY is an avian immunoglobulin found in egg yolks. Due to its several advantages, IgY technology has been successfully used in biomedical research on humans and animals in the recent years. In this study, the specific chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against C. parvum whole oocyst antigens was produced and examined.
Methods: The effect of specific chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) against whole oocyst antigens was examined. IgY sample was obtained from eggs of chickens immunized with C. parvum whole oocyst antigens and analyzed with lysate of C. parvum oocysts by dot blot assay.
Results: The IgY was produced with concentration of 9.7 mg/ml. This antibody was able to recognize the whole oocyst antigens until the dilution of 1:1000, but the best dilution for other immunoassays was 1:500.
Conclusion: Since chicken egg yolk is a cheap and convenient source for mass production of specific antibodies, the use of IgY against whole oocyst antigens could be considered a suitable candidate for passive immunization against cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum, IgY, Oocysts.
Tabassom Naseri Poor, Saeed Nasrollahnejad, Samira Shahbazi, Kamran Rahnama,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (Jan-Feb- 2017 2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Cellulose is a major component of plant biomass, which can be converted into biofuels and valuable chemicals. The key step in utilization of this organic material is its hydrolysis into soluble sugars. This study evaluated cellulase production by Trichoderma harzianum under different pH values, temperatures and incubation periods with the aim to increase enzyme production and decrease its costs.
Methods: The amount of protein production and the hydrolytic activity of cellulase enzymes including exoglucanase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase produced by T. harzianum were evaluated using various substrates such as avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellobiose, Whatman grade 1 filter paper under different pH values (4, 4.8, 5.5 and 6.5), temperatures (25, 28 and 34 °C) and incubation times (48, 72, 96 and 120 h).
Results: The optimum condition for cellulase production by T. harzianum is 120 hours of incubation at 25 °C and pH of 6.5.
Conclusion: T. harzianum can be used for the production of all three classes of cellulase. This fungus is suitable for the efficient production of cellulolytic enzymes and reducing the cost of consumables.
Keywords: Cellulose, Trichoderma harzianum, Hydrolytic enzymes, Optimization.
Keyvan Roshanjo, Leila Asadpour , Mohammad Reza Shiri Shahsavar, Arash Hemmati,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr 2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Campylobacters are infectious zoonotic agents, and among the main bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Studies have shown that Campylobacter jejuni is of the main causes of infection among humans. Detection of these infectious agents in water resources is of great importance for maintaining the health of humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was molecular detection of C. jejuni strains in surface water samples collected from Rasht, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 45 surface water samples collected from the city of Rasht. After culture and isolation of bacteria, the molecular detection of C. jejuni was carried out using hipO-specific primers. Presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene in positive samples was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using cdtC-specific primers.
Results: Of 45 samples, seven (15.5%) were positive for C. jejuni contamination, five of which (71.4%) had the cdtC gene.
Conclusion: The prevalence of toxin-producing C. jejuni in surface waters of Rasht is notable. Therefore, it is recommended to take necessary measures for controlling the spread of this microorganism.
Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Surface water, cdt gene, PCR.
