Showing 112 results for Research Article: Research Article
Moushmi Shinde, Bharati Dalal, Meera Modak,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Introduction:
Dermatophytes are group of fungi that cause superficial infections via enzymes that degrade keratin in human skin, hair and nails. Several factors, including, gender, age, lifestyle, human migration, cultural habits, and socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of dermatophyte infections. Hot and humid climate in tropical and subtropical countries like India makes Dermatophytosis a very common superficial fungal infection.
Aim/objective:
To isolate & identify dermatophytes from clinically diagnosed cases of Dermatophytosis.
Methods:
Samples from 100 clinically diagnosed cases of Dermatophytosis were processed by KOH mount and fungal culture.
Results:
Out of 100 clinically diagnosed cases, Tinea corporis 42 (42%) was the commonest clinical type followed by Tinea cruris 25 (25%), Tinea unguium 21 (21%). Out of 100 samples, 53 were culture positive. Out of 53 dermatophytes isolated, T. rubrum 16 (30%) was the commonest followed by T. mentagrophytes 11 (20%) and T. violaceum 7 (13.3%). Out of 53
isolates, 49 (92.45%) dermatophytes were isolated on SDA and 51 (96.22%) dermatophytes were isolated from Dermatophyte test medium (DTM).
Conclusion:
Isolation and identification of etiological agents of Dermatophytosis is essential for the correct diagnosis as it is important to initiate appropriate treatment and also important for epidemiological purposes. Accurate assessment of the prevalence and etiological agents is desirable to estimate the size of therapeutic problem and prevent the transmission of such infection.
Dr Pius Omoruyi Omosigho, Miss Guobadia Precious Oghogho, Ms Ugiagbe Victory Osayekewmen, Mr Olalekan John Okesanya, Dr Janet Mosunmola Oladejo, Dr Uyigue Paulinus Osarodion,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Candida species are known to be the most frequently encountered fungal pathogens in humans. There has been a noticeable rise in the occurrence of human infections caused by Candida over the past few decades. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Benin, Edo state, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of 104 Candida isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens using a simple random sampling technique. The isolates were cultured on Chromagar Candida and identified based on characteristic color production. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method for Amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and Nystatin. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Candida albicans was the most prevalent species, accounting for 72.1% of isolates, followed by Candida krusei (17.3%), Candida tropicalis (7.7%), and Candida glabrata (2.9%). High vaginal swabs showed the highest frequency of Candida isolates (46.2%). Females exhibited a higher preponderance of candidiasis (81.3%) compared to males. Candida albicans showed significant resistance to Amphotericin B and fluconazole, while other species demonstrated mixed susceptibility patterns. The antifungal susceptibility testing indicated variations in resistance patterns among different Candida species.
Conclusion: The study revealed a predominance of Candida albicans in clinical specimens, with emerging cases of non-albicans species. Antifungal resistance to clinically available agents raised concerns, necessitating continuous surveillance and monitoring of susceptibility patterns. The results underscore the importance of developing targeted strategies to combat the
Behrooz Mohammadnezhad, Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency and physical inactivity can also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Combined therapeutic strategies are promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training, vitamin D3 supplementation, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation on tumor necrosis factor-beta levels in the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats.
Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats (Weighing 290±19 g) were randomly divided into 10 groups: healthy control, sham, diabetes, training, vitamin D, MSC, training+vitamin D, MSC+training, MSC+vitamin D, and training+MSC+vitamin D. Training groups were subjected to a resistance training program on a ladder. MSC groups received 1.5 × 106 MSCs, and vitamin D supplementation groups received 1 microgram/kilogram of vitamin D3 eight times. Cortical TNF-β levels and fasting serum glucose levels were measured.
Results: After six weeks, the combination of resistance training with vitamin D3 supplementation and MSC transplantation (P=0.018), as well as the combination of resistance training with MSCs (P=0.024), significantly reduced the diabetes-induced elevation of TNF-β levels.
Conclusion: Resistance training with appropriate intensity, duration, and recovery between exercise sessions, combined with MSC transplantation and vitamin D3 supplementation, has profound anti-inflammatory effects on the cerebral cortex tissue of diabetic rats. This type of intervention, especially the transplantation of MSCs, may be a promising protective strategy against some complications of diabetes.
Jithu Jacob, Swapna C Senan, Ramani Bhai,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Aim: The global distribution of Klebsiella pneumoniae that produce carbapenemase has been gradually increasing.This present study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: In this study, 401 bacteria of Klebsiella isolates were isolated from various clinical samples according to standard protocol. The twelve carbapenem-resistant genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying Class A β-lactamases producers (KPC), Class B β-lactamases producers (NDM), and Class D β-lactamases producers (OXA-48) were done. It was noted that 10 isolates expressed KPC followed by one isolate expressed NDM and one isolate expressed OXA-48. Conclusion: In the present study conclude that CP-CRK is a major health problem in the coming years and hence it is necessary to take all adequate measures to identify the resistant strains. Continuous monitoring of these resistant mechanisms is required to establish the changes in the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of MDR Klebsiella isolates. Urgent infection control measures coupled with antibiotic stewardship and strengthening of the healthcare infrastructure are to be instituted in our setting to prevent the spread of these Carbapenem-resistant genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC). Larger multicenter studies are required to thoroughly assess risk variables and historical trends in order to comprehend the dynamics of spread and efficient management strategies.
Atere Adedeji David , Ehuine Elizabeth Efe , Kosamat Yekeen Adebisi , Ige Ilesanmi Paul ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Menopause, characterized by the cessation of menstrual periods, often leads to bone diseases due to hormonal changes, particularly affecting calcium metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate bone-associated biomarkers and their correlation with parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in postmenopausal women, shedding light on potential osteoporosis risks.
Methods: Sixty postmenopausal (PMP) women, along with 20 premenopausal (PRM) and 20 reproductive-age (RWA) women as controls, were included in this cross-sectional study. Blood samples were analyzed for PTH, vitamin D, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and estradiol levels.
Results: Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher levels of ALP and phosphorus, and lower levels of calcium, PTH, vitamin D, uric acid, and estradiol in PMP and PRM groups compared to RWA (p <0.05). Moreover, PTH had a significant negative correlation with ALP, and phosphorus; however, it had a positive correlation with calcium, vitamin D, and estradiol in PMP women. ALP demonstrated a superior area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) compared to other bone-associated markers.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the reduced bone-associated biomarker levels in postmenopausal women, potentially increasing the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis.
Seyed Sadegh Baniaghil, Fardin Balochi, Ereste Kazak,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: One of the major complications in thalassemia patients is alloimmunization, which is antibody production by the patient against transfused RBCs (red blood cells). In the present study, the frequency of alloantibodies in thalassemia patients was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the study was performed on ninety nine multi-transfused thalassemia patients, antibody screening test was carried out using three cell-panel. Positive patients were followed up for antibody identification using 11-cell panel. The information was finally analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.
Results: Out of ninety-nine cases, 53 were female (53.53 %) and 46 male (46.46 %). The patient’s age mean was 29.22±10.46 years with 2 to 61 years age range. Only 5.05% (N=5) had developed alloantibodies. The most common alloantibodies were Anti-D, Anti-E, Anti-c and Anti-K. No significant correlation was seen between the presence of alloantibody and age, sex, blood type and spleen condition.
Conclusion: Antibody production against RBC antigens is a common problem in multi-transfused thalassemia patients. Compatibility between antigens of Kell and Rh blood group systems in donors and recipients can be one of the useful ways to prevent alloimmunization of blood recipients and the production of unexpected antibodies against donor’s red blood cells.
Eliz Thomas , Nidhya Ganesan , Lawanya Gunaseelan , Subbarao Tadury Madhukar ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the hematological parameters in pregnant women who were COVID-positive in a tertiary care hospital and to observe whether there was an association between the findings and disease severity.
Methods: This retrospective study included 64 COVID-positive pregnant patients who were admitted to our hospital, under the obstetrics department, during the period from June 2020 to December 2020. The hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, MCV, RDW, etc., of these women during the third trimester were assessed, and the outcome of the pregnancy was recorded.
Results: Among 64 COVID-positive pregnant women, 14 complained of the usual symptoms like fever, cough, or headache. One complained of increased breathlessness. After hematological work-up, 46 (72%) patients were recorded to have anemia, and 38 (59%) showed leukocytosis. Neutrophilia was seen in 34 patients. The platelet count was within normal limits for all. Forty-nine of them underwent caesarean section for various reasons, the most common being previous caesarean section. Sixty-two deliveries were done at term. Only one of the babies delivered had anemia at birth. The 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores recorded for all the babies were 7 to 9. Fifteen babies delivered underwent RT-PCR testing and were found to be negative.
Conclusion: The laboratory parameters most commonly seen among the COVID-19 pregnant women were anemia, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia, which are comparable to the physiological changes in pregnancy. There was no adverse outcome observed in any of the pregnancies, and all the fetuses were normal. There was no incidence of vertical transmission of the virus among the tested neonates.
Maryam Enshaei Mojarad, Hajar Abbaszadeh, Parvin Farzanegi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of intense functional training on some markers of m2 macrophages (IL-10, Dectin-1, IL-1Ra) in prediabetic obese women so that the effect of this type of exercise training on some markers of m2 macrophages in women check pre-diabetic obesity.
Methods: 30 eligible female volunteers aged 35-40 years were selected. Based on individual characteristics, the subjects were homogeneously divided into two groups: 1) the control (15 people) and 2) the training group (15 people). In this research, for High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) based on CrossFit training protocols, squat, deadlift, press, barbell, dumbbell, medicine ball exercise, fixed bar, rotating kettlebell, and aerobic exercises (such as running, rope pulling) Weight-bearing exercises (such as horizontal pull-ups, squats) and weight-lifting exercises (such as front squats, kettlebell swings) were used on a WOD (workout of the day) basis.
Results: The results showed that High-Intensity Functional Training causes a significant decrease in Dectin-1 and a significant increase in IL-10, and IL-1Ra in prediabetic obese women.
Conclusion: It seems that in the present study, 16 weeks of high-intensity functional training improved the secretion and function of m2 macrophage markers (IL-10, Dectin-1, IL-1Ra) in prediabetic obese women.
Raouf Moradian, Amir Haji Ghasem, Saleh Rahmati, Lida Moradi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent and chronic liver disease, is characterized by a diverse range of conditions that span across a broad spectrum. Engaging in consistent physical activity has proven to be a successful method in effectively managing NAFLD, as it has demonstrated the ability to enhance crucial elements implicated in the development of the condition
Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1) NAFLD, 2) NAFLD + resistance training (RT), 3) NAFLD + RT + atorvastatin (ATO). The groups received high fat/fructose diet (HFFD) to induce NAFLD and it was confirmed through evaluation of histopathological analysis (H&E staining) and measurement of aminotransferase enzymes. ATO was administrated at the dose of 2 mg/kg/day. The interventions were done for eight weeks.
Results: Triglyceride (TG), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly reduced in the NAFLD + RT + ATO. Also, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) had lower level in NAFLD + RT in compared to NAFLD + RT + ATO. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was reduced in both NAFLD + RT and NAFLD + RT + ATO groups compared to NAFLD. There was no significant difference in weight between the groups except first, second, and forth week.
Conclusion: RT in combination with the administration of ATO can be deemed as an efficacious and supplementary strategy for the purpose of effectively controlling and addressing NAFLD.
Dr Dipankar Thakuria, Dr Karan Kumar Borah, Dr Projnan Saikia, Dr Kusum Borsaikia,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Pathological autopsy plays a crucial role in understanding mortality causes, especially in cases where diagnosis during life was incomplete or impossible. The collaboration between forensic experts and pathologists provides valuable insights into the cause and manner of death. Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of lung, liver, and kidney histopathology, assess demographic associations, and investigate etiological factors contributing to these pathologies. Methods: A retrospective, non-interventional, record based cross sectional study was conducted for a period of five years from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2023, analyzing 90 autopsy cases excluding decomposed bodies and cases primarily due to extensive trauma. Results: Lung pathology was observed in 61.1% of cases, predominantly showing congestion and inflammation. Liver diseases were found in 47.7% of cases, with steatosis and cirrhosis notable, especially among males. Kidney pathology was present in 50% of cases, with various changes noted. Demographic distribution indicated a higher prevalence among males, with sudden death, chronic alcohol abuse, and road traffic accidents being common causes. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significant burden of lung, liver, and kidney pathology in autopsy cases, particularly among males, highlighting the importance of autopsy in understanding the underlying causes of death and guiding public health interventions and forensic investigations.
Adedeji Okikiade , Chidinma Kanu , Oluwadamilare Iyapo , Ololade Omitogun,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a multi-system disorder affecting 6-8% of pregnancies in the U.S. and contributing significantly to maternal mortality, accounting for 16% in developed countries. It progresses from preeclampsia to eclampsia, leading to multi-organ damage through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, placental ischemia, and endothelial dysfunction. While the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors are implicated. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology (ACOG) recommends initiating treatment when diastolic blood pressure exceeds 105-110 mmHg.
Methods: This narrative review examines existing literature on PIH, including epidemiological data, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical management guidelines, and associated complications such as abnormal placentation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
Results: This study demonstrates that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) significantly impact maternal and fetal health, particularly in developing countries with limited healthcare access. Early detection and continuous monitoring play a key role in reducing complications. Additionally, HDP is associated with increased long-term cardiovascular and metabolic risks, highlighting the importance of postpartum follow-up.
Conclusion: HDP poses a serious threat to maternal and fetal health, with potential long-term consequences. Effective management requires early diagnosis, close monitoring, and postpartum follow-up. Global implementation of risk assessment and targeted care strategies can help reduce the burden of this condition. Strengthening healthcare systems and increasing awareness among healthcare providers and patients are essential steps toward improving outcomes.
Dr Mojtaba Raeisi, Dr Fatemeh Hooshmand, Dr Marziyeh Gheraati, Dr Masood Aman Mohammadi, Dr Negin Mehdinejad,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and increasing consumer demand for natural food preservatives have driven research into plant-based antimicrobial agents. Salix aegyptiaca L. (Musk Willow) has shown potential as a source of bioactive compounds, but its antibacterial properties remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial efficacy of essential oils extracted from the leaves and male inflorescence of S. aegyptiaca against key foodborne pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enteritidis.
Methods:
Essential oils were extracted from S. aegyptiaca leaves and male inflorescence using hydrodistillation and analyzed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify bioactive compounds. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and diffusion methods (Agar Disk and Agar Well Diffusion).
Results:
GC-MS analysis revealed high concentrations of 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene, Citronellol, and Eugenol in leaf oil and Carvone in male inflorescence oil. The leaf oil exhibited stronger antimicrobial effects, with MIC values as low as 1250 µg/mL against S. aureus. Both oils showed limited efficacy against Gram-negative. S. aureus was the most susceptible strain, while E. coli displayed the highest resistance.
Conclusion:
The essential oils of S. aegyptiaca, particularly from the leaves, demonstrate notable antibacterial activity against common foodborne pathogens. These findings suggest their potential as natural food preservatives, offering an alternative to synthetic additives. Further research into their application in food systems and toxicological profiles is warranted to fully harness their benefits.
