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Showing 3 results for Multiple Myeloma
Primary plasma cell leukemia in a 19-Year-Old female: An unusual presentation of a rare entity
Shuchismita ., Iffat Jamal , Vijayanand Choudhary ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia with 2 variants: the primary form, which occurs de novo in patients with no previous history of multiple myeloma (MM), and the secondary form, which represents a leukemic transformation in patients with a previously recognized MM. Unlike myeloma, PCL typically follows an aggressive course, and the median age at presentation is usually above 50 years. In this report, we present a case of primary PCL that manifested at 19, an exceptionally rare occurrence.
 
The potential of mononuclear cells as a predictive marker for the level of stem cells in autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article
Darshana Kottahachchi, Tharushika Deshani Hewapathirana, Thisali Chandula Perera, Shashikala Suresh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is considered the second most common hematological malignancy which accounts for approximately 1% - 2% of all cancers and among 10% of hematological malignancies. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell Transplantation (PBSCT) is the best treatment for MM. Since the optimum harvested stem cell yield is a crucial factor for sufficient engraftment, the enumeration of Mononuclear cell (MNC) count in peripheral blood and harvested CD 34+ stem cell count can be considered as the best predictive markers for the best timing of apheresis which positively correlates with engraftment outcome of PBSCT.
MNC count can be obtained using either a hematological analyzer or peripheral blood smear while flow cytometry is the advanced technology that can be used to enumerate CD 34+ stem cell count other than peripheral blood smear. The unavailability of a flow cytometer, the expensiveness of this method, and the lack of trained personnel regarding this new technology, especially in lower-middle-income countries cause disturbance in the enumeration of stem cells. In such a situation, this review describes the importance of establishing an association between peripheral blood MNCs and harvested CD 34+ cells. Furthermore, this association facilitates conducting effective PBSCT for MM patients even in the absence of a flow cytometer and eventually, it focuses on decentralizing the treatment of PBSCT.
Prevalence of cytogenetic and electrophoretic abnormalities in patients suspected of multiple myeloma
Amudha Subramaniam , Saranya Raj , Thashreefa Olakara , Jaya Kumari S , Veronica Preetha Tilak ,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It typically develops from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which can progress to smoldering myeloma and eventually to symptomatic disease. Diagnosis is primarily established using serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and free light chain (FLC) testing. Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) plays a crucial role in identifying genetic abnormalities that influence disease course and prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of electrophoretic and genetic abnormalities among patients referred for serum protein electrophoresis, with a focus on cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in confirmed MM cases.
Methods: Samples received for SPEP from 2017 to 2023 were analysed. Patients with abnormalities on electrophoresis (Such as distortions or M-spikes) underwent further evaluation, including immunofixation, free light chain assays, bone marrow examination, and other hematologic investigations. Confirmed MM cases were referred for FISH analysis to identify common cytogenetic abnormalities.
Results: Out of 800 patients with electrophoretic abnormalities, 100 were confirmed to have multiple myeloma. FISH analysis was available for 68 of these cases, and cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 67.6% of patients. The most common abnormalities were IGH break-apart (54.5%), followed by p53 deletion (23.5%), t (4; 14) (14.7%), t (14cvzaQ; 20) (7.4%), monosomy 13 (5.9%), and monosomy 14 (4.4%).
Conclusion: A majority of MM patients showed abnormalities on FISH, with IGH break-apart being the most frequently detected. These cytogenetic abnormalities provide valuable prognostic information and can help guide treatment decisions. This study emphasizes the importance of routine cytogenetic profiling in MM to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Molecular cytogenetic techniques, especially FISH, are essential tools in the evaluation of suspected multiple myeloma. They play a pivotal role in detecting genetic abnormalities, guiding treatment strategies, and ultimately improving patient outcomes.
 

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