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Antibacterial Activity of Extract and Essential Oil of Ziziphora tenuior L. against Bacteria Isolated from Urogenital Tract Infections
Younes Anzabi, Arash Khaki,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (11-2016)
Abstract

ABSTRACT

         Background and Objectives:  Many species of  Ziziphora have been used in traditional medicine in the Azarbaijan region, northwest of Iran. This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Ziziphora tenuior on some pathogenic bacteria isolated from urogenital tract infections.

         Methods: The essential oil and methanol extract of Z. tenuior were obtained by Clevenger and maceration methods. Under sterile conditions, the required amount of urine was taken from patients referred to a number of clinics in Tabriz during 2014. After identification of the isolates using standard microbiological methods, antimicrobial effects of the essential oil and methanol extract of the plant on the isolates were evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and antibiogram test.

          Results: The MIC for essential oil of Z. tenuior was 250µg/mL for most Gram-negative bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the MIC for Staphylococcus aureus was 250µg/mL and 500µg/mL for other strains of Staphylococcus.

           Conclusion: Comparison of the inhibitory and bactericidal effects of the essential oil and methanol extract of Z. tenuior showed that the essential oil is able to inhibit growth of the bacteria tested even in low concentrations. Further studies are required in this regard using animal models.

         Keywords: Antibacterial Agents, Ziziphora tenuior, Plant Extracts, Urinary Tract Infection. 


Activity of Iranian Medicinal Herbs against Human Intestinal Parasites (HIP): A Systematic Review
Masoud Soosaraei, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mohamad Taghi Rahimi, Mahdi Fakhar, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mehdi Sharif,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that around 3.5 billion people are infected with intestinal parasites. Human intestinal parasites (HIP) are clinically important due to broad epidemiological distribution, reinfection and drug resistance. In the last decades, bioactive compounds from herbs were used against a wide variety of microorganisms including parasites. We aimed to perform a systematic review on studies on the effects of medicinal herbs on HIPs in Iran.
 
      Methods: Relevant scientific publications until April, 2015 were extracted from five English databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scopus) and four Persian databases (Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and the Scientific Information Database).
 
      Results: A total of 18 papers and two dissertations met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 22 different plant extracts were used against Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium and Hymenolepis nana. Based on the results, the extracts could exert time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects against the tested HIPs. Five plants types including Allium, Chenopodium botrys, Carum copticum, F. asafoetida and Artemisia annua were able to completely inhibit the tested parasites, while Thymus vulgaris and A. paradoxum showed the lowest inhibitory effect (7%).
 
      Conclusions: Given the findings, it is recommended to conduct in vivo studies on medicinal herbs with favorable in vitro effects against HIPs.

Phytochemical Analysis of Garlic Hydro-alcoholic Extract and Evaluation of its Anti-bacterial Effect on Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Vitro and ex Vivo
Zynab Badeli, Phd Masoud Haghkhah, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Garlic is a medicinal plant with various health promoting properties including antimicrobial effects. In this study, we investigated in vitro antibacterial effects of garlic hydro-alcoholic extract against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).
Methods: Garlic hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared by maceration method.  Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against EHEC was determined by micro-dilution assay. Cytotoxic effect of the garlic extract on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480) was assessed using MTT assay. Micro-dilution assay was also used to determine the MIC of the extract against EHEC when co-cultured with SW480 cells.
Results: The amount of organosulfur in garlic extract was 70.91% and the most common organosulfur compounds were trisulfide, di-2-propenyl (34.8%) and diallyl disulfide (14.83%). The MIC of garlic hydro-alcoholic extract on EHEC alone and when co-cultured with SW480 was 12.5 mg/ml. Concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml of the extract significantly reduced the viability of SW480 cells compared to control and concentration of 6.25 mg/ml of garlic extract (p <0.0001).
Conclusion: The garlic hydro-alcoholic extract has inhibitory effects on EHEC in vitro. Therefore, it can be considered a suitable candidate for controlling infections caused by EHEC.
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